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Book III — Conditions of Employment

Article 97Definitions.

PD 442 · Labor Code of the PhilippinesELI5 guide available

ELI5— what this means for you

This article defines the key terms used in the wages chapter: 'employer', 'employee', 'agriculture', 'employ', and most importantly 'wage' — which includes not just cash pay but the fair value of board, lodging, and other facilities the employer provides.

Key point

Official text — PD 442

Definitions.

As used in this Title:

"Person" means an individual, partnership, association, corporation, business trust, legal representatives, or any organized group of persons.

"Employer" includes any person acting directly or indirectly in the interest of an employer in relation to an employee and shall include the government and all its branches, subdivisions and instrumentalities, all government-owned or controlled corporations and institutions, as well as non-profit private institutions, or organizations.

"Employee" includes any individual employed by an employer.

"Agriculture" includes farming in all its branches and, among other things, includes cultivation and tillage of soil, dairying, the production, cultivation, growing and harvesting of any agricultural and horticultural commodities, the raising of livestock or poultry, and any practices performed by a farmer on a farm as an incident to or in conjunction with such farming operations, but does not include the manufacturing or processing of sugar, coconuts, abaca, tobacco, pineapples or other farm products.

"Employ" includes to suffer or permit to work.

"Wage" paid to any employee shall mean the remuneration or earnings, however designated, capable of being expressed in terms of money, whether fixed or ascertained on a time, task, piece, or commission basis, or other method of calculating the same, which is payable by an employer to an employee under a written or unwritten contract of employment for work done or to be done, or for services rendered or to be rendered and includes the fair and reasonable value, as determined by the Secretary of Labor and Employment, of board, lodging, or other facilities customarily furnished by the employer to the employee. "Fair and reasonable value" shall not include any profit to the employer, or to any person affiliated with the employer.

Source: lawphil.net (PD 442 as amended)

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Legal disclaimer: BatasKo provides general legal information, not legal advice. For advice on your specific employment situation, consult a licensed Filipino lawyer or the Public Attorney's Office (PAO) at pao.gov.ph.