Book VI — Post-Employment
Article 282Termination by employer.
ELI5— what this means for you
There are only 6 valid 'just causes' for terminating an employee: serious misconduct, willful disobedience, gross neglect of duty, fraud or breach of trust, commission of a crime against the employer, and analogous causes. 'Attitude problem' or 'we need to cut costs' are NOT just causes.
Key point
Just causes are a closed list. If it's not on the list, it may be illegal dismissal.
Official text — PD 442
Termination by employer.
An employer may terminate an employment for any of the following causes:
Serious misconduct or willful disobedience by the employee of the lawful orders of his employer or representative in connection with his work;
Gross and habitual neglect by the employee of his duties;
Fraud or willful breach by the employee of the trust reposed in him by his employer or duly authorized representative;
Commission of a crime or offense by the employee against the person of his employer or any immediate member of his family or his duly authorized representatives; and
Other causes analogous to the foregoing.
Source: lawphil.net (PD 442 as amended)
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Legal disclaimer: BatasKo provides general legal information, not legal advice. For advice on your specific employment situation, consult a licensed Filipino lawyer or the Public Attorney's Office (PAO) at pao.gov.ph.