Article 4

RA 386 · Civil Code of the PhilippinesKey provision

ELI5— what this means for you

Laws apply going forward, not backward — a new law generally cannot punish or invalidate what was already done before it was passed.

Official text — RA 386

Laws shall have no retroactive effect, unless the contrary is provided. (3)

Source: lawphil.net (RA 386 as amended)

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Article 2 — Unpublished laws cannot be enforced against citizens.

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