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Republic Act No. 11058· Enacted 2018-08-17

Occupational Safety and Health Act (RA 11058) Philippines — BatasKo ELI5

Ang RA 11058 ay nagbibigay sa iyo ng karapatang magtrabaho sa ligtas na lugar. Alamin ang iyong rights bilang manggagawa sa Pilipinas.

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Official text — Republic Act No. 11058

Jump to section ↓36 sections

Preamble

Seventeenth Congress

Second Regular Session

Begun and held in Metro Manila, on Monday, the twenty-fourth day of July, two thousand seventeen.

REPUBLIC ACT No. 11058

An Act Strengthening Compliance with Occupational Safety and Health Standards and Providing Penalties for Violations Thereof

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress assembled:

CHAPTER I

DECLARATION OF POLICY

Section 1

Section 1.

Declaration of Policy.

- The State affirms labor as a primary social and economic force, and that a safe and healthy workforce is an integral aspect of nation building.

The State shall ensure a safe and healthful workplace for all working people by affording them full protection against all hazards in their work environment. It shall ensure that the provisions of the Labor Code of the Philippines, all domestic laws, and internationally-recognized standards on occupational safety and health are being fully enforced and complied with by the employers, and it shall provide penalties for any violation thereof.

The State shall protect every worker against injury, sickness or death through safe and healthful working conditions thereby assuring the conservation of valuable manpower resources and prevention of loss or damage to lives and properties consistent with national development goals, and with the State's commitment to the total development of every worker as a complete human being.

The State, in protecting the safety and health of the workers, shall promote strict but dynamic, inclusive, and gender-sensitive measures in the formulation and implementation of policies and programs related to occupational safety and health.

CHAPTER II

GENEREAL PROVISIONS

Section 2

Section 2.

Coverage.

- This Act shall apply to all establishments, projects, sites, including Philippine Economic Zone Authority (PEZA) establishments, and all other places where work is being undertaken in all other places where work is being undertaken in all branches of economic activity, except in public sector.

The Secretary of Labor and Employment shall issue the number of employees, and nature of operations, and the risk or hazard involved.

Section 3 — Definition of Terms.→

Section 3.

Definition of Terms.

As used in this Act:

(a)

Certified first-aider

refers to any person trained and duly certified to administer first aid by the Philippine Red Cross or any organization authorized by the Secretary of Labor and Employment;

(b)

Competency standards

refers to industry-determined specification of proficiency required for effective work performance. These are expressed as outcomes with focus on workplace activity rather than training or personal attributes, and the ability to apply new skills in new situations or changing work organization;

(c)

Covered workplaces

refer to establishments, projects, sites and all other places where work is being undertaken wherein the number of employee, nature of operations, and risk or hazard involved in the business, as determined by the Secretary of Labor and Employment, require compliance with the provisions of this Act;

(d)

Employer

refers to any person, natural or juridical, including the principal employer, contractor or subcontractor, if any, who directly or indirectly benefits from the services of the employee;

(e)

Equipment

refers to any machine with engine or electric motor as prime mover;

(f)

General safety and health inspection

refers to an examination pf the work environment including the location and operation of machinery other than those covered by technical safety audits, adequacy of work space, ventilation, lighting, conditions of work environment, handling, storage of work procedures, protection facilities and other possible sources of safety and health hazards in the workplace;

(g)

Imminent danger

refers to a situation caused by a condition or practice in any place of employment that could reasonably be expected to lead to death or serious physical harm;

(h)

Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs)

refer to establishments employing less than ten (10) employees, and establishments employing less than one hundred (100) employees, respectively.

(i)

Occupational health personnel

refers to a qualified first aider, nurse, dentist or physician engaged by the employer to provide occupational health services in the establishment, project, site or workplace;

(j)

Occupational Safety and Heatlh (OSH) standards

refer to the Occupational Safety and Health Standards issued by the Secretary of Labor and Employment pursuant to Articles 168 and 171, Chapter 2, Title I of Book Four of Presidential Decree No. 442, as amended, otherwise known as the Labor Code of the Philippines, and such other standards as may be issued pursuant to this Act;

(k)

Safety and health audit

refers to a regular and critical examination of project sites, safety programs, records, and management performance on programs, records, and management performance on program standards on safety and health;

(l)

Safety and health committee

refers to a body created within the workplace tasked with the authority to monitor, inspect and investigate all aspects of the work pertaining to the safety and health of workers.

(m)

Safety and health program

refers to a set of detailed rules to govern the processs and practices in all economic activities to conform with OSH standards, including the personnel responsible, and penalties for any violation thereof;

(n)

Safety officer

refers to any employee or officer of the company trained by the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) and tasked by the employer to implement an occupational safety and health program, and ensure that it is in accordance with the provisions of OSH standards;

(o)

Safety signage

refers to any emergency, warning or danger signpost or any safety instruction using the standards colors and sizes, including the standards symbols for safety instructions and warnings ini the workplace, prescribed by the DOLE; and

(p)

Workplace

refers to any site or location where workers need to be or to go to by reason of their work, and which are under the direct or indirect control of the employer.

CHAPTER III

DUTIES AND RIGHTS OF EMPLOYERS, WORKERS AND OTHER PERSONS

Section 4 — Duties of Employers Workers an Other Persons. -→

Section 4.

Duties of Employers Workers an Other Persons. -

(a) Every employer, contractor or subcontractor, if any, and any person who manages, controls or supervises the work being undertaken shall:

(1) Furnish the workers a place of employment free from hazardous conditions that are causing or are likely to cause death, illness or physical harm to the workers;

(2) Give complete job safety instructions or orientation to all the workers especially to those entering the job for the first time, including those relating to familiarization with their work environment;

(3) Inform the workers of the hazards associated with their work health risks involved ot to which they are exposed to, preventive measures to eliminate or minimize the risks, and steps to be taken in cases of emergency;

(4) Use only approved devices and equipment for the workplace;

(5) Comply with OSH standards including training medical examination and where necessary, provision of protective and safety devices such as personal protective equipment (PPE) and machine guards;

(6) Allow workers and their safety and health representatives to participate actively in the process of organizing, planning, implementing and evaluating the safety and health program to improve safety and health in the workplace; and

(7) Provide, where necessary, for measures to deal with emergencies and accidents including first-aid arrangements.

(b) Every worker shall participate in ensuring compliance with OSH standards in the workplace. The worker shall make proper use of all safeguards and safety devices furnished for the worker's protection and that of others, and shall observe instructions to prevent accidents or imminent danger situation in workplace. The worker shall observe the prescribed steps to be taken in cases of emergency.

The worker shall report to the supervisor any work hazard that may be discovered in the workplace.

(c) It shall be the duty of any person, including the builder or contractor who visits, builds, renovates or installs devices or conducts business in any establishment or workplace, to comply with the provisions of this Act and all other regulations issued by the Secretary of Labor and Employment.

(d) Whenever two(2) or more undertakings are engaged in activities simultaneously in one (1) workplace, it shall be the duty of all engaged to collaborate in the application of OSH standards and regulations.

Section 5 — Workers' Right to Know. -→

Section 5.

Workers' Right to Know. -

The right to safety and health at work shall be guaranteed. All workers shall be appropriately informed by the employer about all types of hazards in the workplace, provided access to training and education on chemical safety, electrical safety mechanical safety, and ergonomical safety.

Section 6 — Workers' Right to Refuse Unsafe Work.→

Section 6.

Workers' Right to Refuse Unsafe Work.

The worker has the right of refusal to work without threat or reprisal from the employer if, as determined by the DOLE, an imminent danger situation exists in the workplace that may result in illness, injury or death, and corrective actions to eliminate the danger have not been undertaken by the employer.

Show 29 more sections +→
Section 7 — Workers' Right to Report Accidents.→

Section 7.

Workers' Right to Report Accidents.

Workers and their representatives shall have the right to report accidents, dangerous occurences, and hazards to the employer, to the DOLE and other concerned government agencies exercising jurisdiction as the competent authority in the specific industry or economic activity.

Section 8 — Workers' Right to Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). -→

Section 8.

Workers' Right to Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). -

Every employer, contractor or subcontructor, if any, shall provide his workers, free of charge, protective equipment for their eyes, face, hands and feet, and free, and lifeline, safety belt or harness, gas or dust respirators or masks, protective shields whenever necessary by reason of the hazardous work process or environment, chemical, radiological, mechanical and other irritants or hazards capable of causing injury or impairment in the function of any part of the body through absorption, inhalation or physical contact. The cost of the PPE shall be part of the safety and health program which is a separate pay item pursuant to Section 20 of this Act.

All PPE shall be of the appropriate type as tested and approved by the DOLE based on its standards. The usage of PPE in all establishments, projects, sites and all other places where work is being undertaken shall be based on the evaluation and recommendation of the safety officer.

Section 9 — Safety Signage and Devices.→

Section 9.

Safety Signage and Devices.

- All establishments, projects, sites and all other places where work is being undertaken shall have safety signage and devices to warn the workers and the public of the hazards in the workplace. Safety signage and devices shall be posted in prominent positions and strategic locations in a language understandable to all, and in accordance with the standard set by the DOLE.

Section 10 — Safety in the Use of Equipment.→

Section 10.

Safety in the Use of Equipment.

In relation to the use of equipment, the employer, contractor or subcontractor, if any, must comply with the DOLE requirements in the different phases of the company or project operation including the transport to and from the establishment, project, site or place where work is being undertaken.

Section 11 — Occupational Safety and Health Information.→

Section 11.

Occupational Safety and Health Information.

- Workers in all establishments, projects, sites and all other places where work is being undertaken shall be provided adequate and suitable information by the employer, contractor or subcontractor, if any, on safety and health hazards, and the appropriate measures, including the probable location of workers, for the prevention, control and protection againsta those hazards.

CHAPTER IV

COVERED WORKPLACES

Section 12 — Occupational Safety Health (OSH) Program.→

Section 12.

Occupational Safety Health (OSH) Program.

- Covered workplaces shall have a safety and health program including the following policies, guidelines or information:

(a) Statement of commitment to comply with OSH requirements;

(b) General safety and health, including a drug-free workplace;

(c) Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)/tuberculosis/hepatitis prevention control;

(d) Company or project details;

(e) Composition and duties of the safety and health committee;

(f) Occupational Safety and health personnel and facilities;

(g) Safety and health promotion, training and education;

(h) Conduct of toolbox meetings;

(i) Accident/incident/illness investigation, recording and reporting;

(j) Provision and use of PPE;

(k) Provision of safety signage;

(l) Dust control and management, and regulations on activities such as building of temporary structures, and lifting and operation of electrical, mechanical, communications systems and other equipment;

(m) Provision of workers' welfare facilities;

(n) Emergency preparedness and response plan;

(o) Waste management system; and

(p) Prohibited acts and penalties for violations.

The safety and health program shall be prepared and executed by the employer, contractor or subcontractor, if any, in consultation with the workers and their representatives and shall be submitted to the DOLE which shall approved disapproved or modify the same according to existing laws riles and regulations, and other issuances.

The approved safety and health program shall be communicated and be made readily available to all persons in the workplace.

Section 13 — Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Committee.→

Section 13.

Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Committee.

- To ensure that the safety and health program observed and enforced, a safety and health committee shall be organized in covered workplaces composed of the following:

(a) Employer or representative as the chairperson

ex officio;

(b) Safety officer of the company or project as the secretary;

(c) Safety officer representing the contractor or subcontractor, as the case may be, as members;

(d) Physicians, nurses, certified first-aiders, and dentists as members,

ex officio

,if applicable; and

(e) Workers representatives who shall come from the union if the workers are organized or elected by the workers through a simple majority vote if they are unorganized, as members.

The committee shall effectively plan develop, oversee and monitor the implementation of the safety and health program.

Section 14 — Safety Officer.→

Section 14.

Safety Officer.

- To ensure that a safety and health program is duly followed and enforced, covered workplaces shall have safety officers who shall:

(a) Oversee the overall management of the safety and health program;

(b) Frequently monitor and inspect any health or safety aspect of the operation being undertaken;

(c) Assist government inspectors in the conduct of safety and health inspection at any time whenever work is being performed or during the conduct of an accident investigation; and

(d) Issue work stoppage orders when necessary.

The number and qualification of the safety officers shall be proportionate to the total number of wrokers and equipment, the size of the work area and such other criteria as may be prescribed by the DOLE.

In the case of a contractor or subcontractor, a safety officer must be deployed at each specific area of operations to oversee the management of the safety and health programs of its own workforce.

Section 15 — Occupational Health Personnel and Facilities.→

Section 15.

Occupational Health Personnel and Facilities.

- Covered workplaces shall have qualified occupational health personnel such as physicians, nurses, certified first-aiders, and dentists duly complemented with the required medical supplies, equipment and facilities. The number of health personnel, equipment and facilities. The number of health personnel, equipment and facilities, and the amount of supplies shall be proportionate to the total number of workers and the risk of hazard involved, the ideal ratio of which shall be prescribed by the DOLE.

Section 16 — Safety and Health Training.→

Section 16.

Safety and Health Training.

-

(a) All safety and health personnel shall undergo the mandatory training on basic occupational safety and health for safety officers as prescribed by DOLE.

(b) All workers shall undergo the mandatory eight (8) hours safety and health seminar as required by the DOLE which shall include a portion on joint employer-employee orientation.

(c) All personnel engaged in the operation, erection and dismantling of equipment and scaffolds, structural erections, excavations, blasting operations, demolition, confined spaces hazardous chemicals, welding, and flame cutting shall undergo specialized instruction and training on the said activities.

Section 17 — Occupational Safety and Health Reports.→

Section 17.

Occupational Safety and Health Reports.

- All employers, contractors or subcontractors, if any, shall submit all safety health reports, and notifications prescribed by the DOLE.

Section 18 — Workers' Competency Certification.→

Section 18.

Workers' Competency Certification.

- In order to professionalize, upgrade and update the level of competence of workers, the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) or the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC), as the case may be, shall establish national compentency standards and prepare guidelines on competence assessment and certification for critical occupations. In this regard, all critical occupations shall undergo the mandatory competence assessment and certification by the TESDA.

An occupation shall be considered critical when:

(a) The performance of a job afects the people's lives and safety;

(b) The job involves the handling of tools, equipment and supplies;

(c) The job requires a relatively long period of education and training; and

(d) The performance of the job may compromise the safety, health and environmental concerns within the immediate vicinity of the establishment.

Section 19 — Workers' Welfare Facilities.→

Section 19.

Workers' Welfare Facilities.

- All establishments, projects, sites and all other places where work is being undertaken shall have the following welfare facilities in order to ensure humane working conditions:

(a) Adequate supply of safe drinking water;

(b) Adequate sanitary and washing facilities;

(c) Suitable living accomodation for workers, as may be applicable; and

(d) Separate sanitary, washing and sleeping facilities for men and women workers as may be applicable.

Section 20 — Cost of safety and Health Program.→

Section 20.

Cost of safety and Health Program.

- The total cost of implementing a duly approved safety and health program shall be an integral part of the operations cost. It shall be a separate pay item in construction and in all contracting or subcontracting arrangements.

CHAPTER V

JOINT AND SOLIDARITY LIABILITY

Section 21 — Employers' Responsibility and Liability.→

Section 21.

Employers' Responsibility and Liability.

- The employer, project owner, general contractor, contractor or subcontractor, if any, and any person who manages, controls or supervises the work being undertaken shall be jointly and solidarily liable for compliance with this Act.

CHAPTER VI

ENFORCEMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS

Section 22 — Visitorial Power of the Secretary of Labor and Employment.→

Section 22.

Visitorial Power of the Secretary of Labor and Employment.

- Pursuant to Article 128 of the Labor Code of the Philippines and other applicable laws, the Secretary of Labor and Employment or the Secretary's authorized representatives shall have the authority to enforce the mandatory occupational safety and health standards in all establishments and conduct, together with representatives from the the labor and the employer sectors, an annual spot audit on compliance with OSH standards. The Secretary or the Secretary's duly authorized representatives can enter workplaces at anytime of the day or night where work is being performed to examine records and investigate facts, conditions or matters necessary to determine compliance with the provisions of this Act.

No person or entity shall obstruct, impede, delay or otherwise render ineffective the orders of the Secretary of Labor and Employment or the Secretary's duly authorized representatives issued pursuant to the authority granted under Article 128 of the Labor Code of the Philippines, and no lower court or entity shall issue temporary or permanent injunction or restraining order or otherwise assume jurisdiction over any case involveing the enforcement orders.

The Secretary of Labor and Employment may likewise order stoppage of work or suspension of operations of any unit or department of an establishment when noncompliance with law or implementing rules and regulations poses grave and imminent danger to the health and safety of workers in the workplace.

The procedure for inspecting work premises, notifying employers of violations, and issuing compliance or stoppage orders shall be pursuant to the procedure laid down in Article 128 of the Labor Code of the Philippines as implemented through relevant regulations issued by the DOLE on administration and enforcement of labor laws. The inspector or person authorized by the DOLE to enforce compliance with OSH standards shall present proper identification upon request, and such inspector or person shall only act within the authority or direction given by the Secretary of Labor and Employment.

The Secretary of Labor and Employment or the Secretary duly authorized representatives shall inspect establishments and workplaces regardless of the size and nature of operation. Any kind of self-assessment shall not take the place of labor inspection conducted by the DOLE. However, chartered cities may be allowed to conduct industrial safety inspections of establishments within their jurisdiction in coordination with the DOLE:

Provided,

That they have adequate facilities and competent personnel for purpose as determines by the DOLE, and subject to national standards established by the latter.

Section 23 — ,→

Section 23,

Payment of Workers During Work Stoppage Due to Imminent Danger.

- If stoppage of work due to imminent danger occurs as a result of the employer's violation or fault, the employer shall pay the workers concerned their wages during the period of such stoppage of work or suspension of operation. For purposes of payment of wages and any other liabilities arising from a work stoppage order is issued secondary to an imminent danger situation which would imperil the lives of the workers.

Section 24 — Delegation of Authority.→

Section 24.

Delegation of Authority.

- The authority to enforce mandatory OSH standards may be delegated by the Secretary of Labor and Employment to a competent government authority.

Section 25 — Standards Setting Power of the Secretary of Labor and Employment.→

Section 25.

Standards Setting Power of the Secretary of Labor and Employment.

- The Secretary of Labor and Employment shall, in consultation with the other concerned government agencies and relevant stakeholders, by appropriate orders, set and enforce mandatory OSH standards to eliminate or reduce occupational safety and health hazards depending on the number of employees of the establishment, the nature of its business operations, and the risk or hazard involved.

The Secretary shall also institute new, and update existing programs to ensure safe and healthy working conditions in all workplaces especially in hazardous industries such as a mining, fishing, construction, and the maritime industry.

Section 26 — Employee's Compensation Claim.→

Section 26.

Employee's Compensation Claim.

- A worker may file claims for compensation benefit arising out of work-related disability or death. Such claims shall be processed independently of the finding of fault, gross negligence or bad faith of the employer in a proceeding instituted for the purpose.

Section 27 — Incentives to Employers.→

Section 27.

Incentives to Employers.

- There shall be an established package of incentives under such riles and regulations as may be promulgated by the DOLE to qualified employers to recognize their efforts toward ensuring compliance with OSH and general labor standards such as OSH training packages, additional protective equipment, technical guidance, recognition awards and other similar incentives.

Section 28 — Prohibited Acts.→

Section 28.

Prohibited Acts.

- The following are considered as prohibited acts:

(a) Willful failure or refusal of an employer, contructor or subcontructor to comply with the required OSH standards or with a compliance order issued by the Secretary of Labor and Employment or by the Secretary's authorized representative shall make such employer, contructor or subcontructor liable for an administrative fine not exceeding One hundred thousand pesos (₱100,000.00) per day until the violation is corrected, counted from the date the employer or contructor is notified of the violation or the date the compliance order is duly served on the employer. The amount of fine imposed shall depend on the frequency or gravity of the violation committed or the damage caused:

Provide, however,

That the maximum amount shall be imposed only when the violation exposes the workers to a risk of death, serious injury or serious illness.

(b) An employer, contructor or subcontructor who willfully fails or refuses to comply with the required OSH standards or with a duly issued compliance order, and engages in any of the following acts to aid, conceal or facilitate such noncompliance shall be liable for a maximum of One hundred thousand pesos (₱100,000.00) administrative fine separate from the daily fine imposed above:

(1) Repeated obstruction, delay or refusal to provide the Secretary of Labor and Employment or any of its authorized representatives access to the covered workplace or refusal to provide or allow access to relevant records and documents or obstruct the conduct of investigation of any fact necessary in determining compliance with OSH standards;

(2) Misrepresentation in relation to adherence to OSH standards, knowing such statement, report or record submitted to the DOLE to be false in any material aspect;

(3) Making retaliatory measures such as termination of employment, refusal to pay, reducing wages and benefits or in any manner discriminates against any workers who has given information relative to the inspection being conducted.

For the purpose, the Secretary of Labor and Employment, in consultation with relevant stakeholders, shall issue a list of offenses with corresponding reasonable administrative fines depending on the severity, frequency and damage caused without prejudice to the filing of a criminal or a civil casein the regular courts, as the case may be.

The fine collected shall be used for the operation of occupational safety and health initiatives, including occupational safety and health training and education and other occupational safety and health programs.

CHAPTER VII

MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

Section 29 — Updated DOLE Computerized Labor Law Compliance System.→

Section 29.

Updated DOLE Computerized Labor Law Compliance System.

- The Secretary of Labor and Employment shall maintain an updated labor inspection system of computerized gathering and generation of real time data on compliances, monitoring of enforcement, and a system of notification on workplace accidents and injuries.

Section 30 — Applicability to Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs).→

Section 30.

Applicability to Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs).

- Specific to MSEs, the DOLE shall develop OSH core compliance standards to ensure safe and healthy workplaces. All MSEs shall be required to implement the prescribed standards for housekeeping, materials handling and storage, electrical and mechanical safety and PPE, and to monitor hazards regularly.

Section 31 — Inter-Governmental Coordination and Cooperation.→

Section 31.

Inter-Governmental Coordination and Cooperation.

- The DOLE shall institute a mechanism for coordination with the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Department of Energy, Department of Transportation, Department of Agriculture, Departmen of Publis Works and Highways, Department of Trade and Industry, Department of the Interior and Local Government, Department of Health, Department of Information and Communications Technology, PEZA and all other government agencies, including local government units, within sixty (60) days from the issuance of the implementing rules and regulations of this Act. They shall regularly convene to monitor the effective implementation of this Act as well as the related programs and projects that are established to prevent and eliminate the incidence of injury, sickness or death in all workplaces.

Section 32 — Implementing Rules and Regulations.→

Section 32.

Implementing Rules and Regulations.

-The Secretary of Labor and Employment, in coordination with agencies concerned, shall formulate the rules and regulations within ninety (90) days after the effectivity of this Act.

Section 33 — Separability Clause.→

Section 33.

Separability Clause.

- If any part, section or provision of this Act shall be held invalid or unconstitutional, the other provisions not affected by such declaration shall remain in full force and effect.

Section 34 — Repealing Clause.→

Section 34.

Repealing Clause.

- All laws, acts decrees, executive orders, rules and regulations or other issuances or parts thereof which are inconsistent with this Act are hereby modified or repealed.

Section 35 — Effectivity.→

Section 35.

Effectivity.

- This Act shall take effect after fifteen (15) days after its publication in the Official Gazette or at least two (2) newspapers of general circulation.

Approved,

VICENTE C. SOTTO

President of the Senate

PANTALEON D. ALVAREZ

Speaker of the House of Representative

This Act which is a consolidated of House Bill No. 64 and Senate Bill No. 1317 was passed by the House of Representatives and the Senate on May 22, 2018.

MYRA MARIE D. VILLARICA

Secretary of Senate

CESAR STRAIT PAREJA

Secretary General

House of Representatives

Approved: August 17, 2018

RODRIGO ROA DUTERTE

President of the Philippines

The Lawphil Project - Arellano Law Foundation

Full text on BatasKo. Original source: Official Gazette / Lawphil.

Imagine pumunta ka sa trabaho isang umaga — at may nakabitay na electrical wire sa sahig ng stockroom, walang safety sign, walang nagsabi sa iyo na delikado ang lugar. Kung may nangyaring aksidente, sino ang mananagot?

Sa ilalim ng Republic Act No. 11058, ang sagot ay malinaw: ang iyong employer.

ELI5 Summary

Ang RA 11058 ay ang batas na nag-uutos sa mga employer na gawing ligtas ang lugar ng trabaho — at nagbibigay ng karapatang tumanggi ka sa trabaho kung malinaw na malamang saktan ka. Sumasaklaw ito sa halos lahat ng trabaho sa pribadong sektor, mula sa construction sites hanggang sa opisina. Kung lalabag ang employer, maaaring muli-multahin ng hanggang ₱100,000 bawat araw hanggang ayusin ang problema.

Real Filipino Scenario: Walang PPE sa Bodega

Krizia, 34, bodega worker sa isang hardware store sa Mandaluyong

Ang trabaho ni Krizia ay mag-stock ng chemicals — paint thinner, solvent, fertilizer. Walang face mask na ibinibigay ang kanyang employer, walang ventilation sa bodega, at walang safety briefing nang pumasok siya sa trabaho noong unang araw.

Sa ilalim ng Section 4(a)(1) ng RA 11058, obligasyon ng employer na magbigay ng lugar ng trabaho na libre sa mapanganib na kondisyon. Sa ilalim ng Section 4(a)(5), kailangan din nila magbigay ng personal protective equipment (PPE) kapag kinakailangan.

Ano ang dapat gawin ni Krizia:

  1. Ilagay sa sulat ang reklamo niya sa employer o HR.
  2. Kung walang aksyon, mag-file ng reklamo sa pinakamalapit na DOLE Regional Office.
  3. Maaari siyang humingi ng safety inspection — libre ito at confidential kung gusto niya.

Hindi siya maaaring i-dismiss dahil sa pag-reklamo — protektado siya ng batas laban sa retalyasyon.

What the Law Actually Says

Ang RA 11058 ay nilagdaan ni Pangulong Rodrigo Duterte noong Agosto 17, 2018, at sinamahan ng implementing rules na inilabas ng DOLE.

Sino ang covered?

Ayon sa Section 2, sumasaklaw ang batas sa lahat ng establisyimento, proyekto, at lugar ng trabaho sa pribadong sektor — kasama ang mga nasa PEZA zones. Hindi kasama ang mga empleyado ng gobyerno (public sector), pero may sarili silang OSH rules.

Mga pangunahing obligasyon ng employer (Section 4a):

  • Magbigay ng lugar ng trabaho na libre sa mapanganib na kondisyon (Section 4a-1)
  • Mag-orient ng lahat ng bagong empleyado tungkol sa safety ng trabaho (Section 4a-2)
  • Ipaalam ang mga panganib sa trabaho at kung paano maiiwasan ang mga ito (Section 4a-3)
  • Gumamit lamang ng approved na kagamitan at equipment (Section 4a-4)
  • Magbigay ng PPE at machine guards kung kinakailangan (Section 4a-5)
  • Payagan ang mga manggagawa na lumahok sa safety planning (Section 4a-6)
  • Magbigay ng first-aid arrangements at emergency measures (Section 4a-7)

Karapatan ng manggagawa (Section 5):

Isa sa pinaka-importante: ang right to refuse unsafe work — maaari kang tumanggi sa trabaho nang walang bayad na mawala o risk na ma-fire kung malinaw na ang panganib sa buhay o kalusugan mo.

Karapatan mo ring:

  • Malaman ang mga hazards sa iyong trabaho
  • Humingi ng safety inspection
  • Mag-ulat ng mga aksidente at peligro nang walang takot sa retalyasyon
  • Lumahok sa safety and health committee ng iyong workplace

Mga penalties:

Ayon sa Section 13, ang employer na lalabag ay maaaring multahin ng ₱100,000 bawat araw ng patuloy na paglabag — hanggang maayos ang problema. Para sa mga paglabag na nagreresulta sa kamatayan o seryosong pinsala, maaari ring magkaroon ng criminal liability.

What This Means for You

Ito ang pinaka-praktikal na kahulugan ng batas para sa iyo bilang manggagawa:

Hindi ka maaaring pilitin na magtrabaho sa mapanganib na kondisyon. Kung may imminent danger — halimbawa, may gumuguho na scaffolding, may exposed na live wire, o may toxic chemical na nakalabas — may karapatang tumigil ka sa trabaho.

Libre ang PPE. Hindi dapat bawasan ang iyong sahod para sa safety equipment. Ang gastos ay responsibilidad ng employer.

May karapatang magtanong. Maaari mong tanungin ang iyong employer kung anong mga hazards ang nasa iyong trabaho at ano ang ginagawa nila para protektahan ka. Kailangan nilang sumagot.

Hindi ka maaaring i-dismiss dahil sa pag-reklamo. Ito ay tinatawag na retalyasyon, at labag ito sa batas. Kung mangyari ito, may kasong illegal dismissal ka pa sa ibabaw ng OSH violation ng employer mo.

Ang batas ay nag-uutos din sa mga employer na magtatag ng Safety and Health Committee sa loob ng workplace — isang grupo na may kapangyarihang mag-monitor, mag-inspect, at mag-imbestiga ng lahat ng usapin tungkol sa kaligtasan ng mga manggagawa.

Real Filipino Scenario: Ang Edge Case — "Contractual Lang Naman"

Patricia, 28, agency-hired utility worker sa isang fast food chain sa Cagayan de Oro

Sinabi ng manager kay Patricia na ang kanyang employer ay ang manpower agency — hindi ang fast food chain — kaya ang chain ay walang responsibilidad sa kanyang safety. Walang safety orientation, walang PPE para sa paglilinis ng grease trap, at nang mag-reklamo siya, sinabihan siyang kausapin ang agency.

Ito ang isa sa pinakakaraniwang maling pag-iisip tungkol sa OSH law.

Ayon sa Section 3(d) ng RA 11058, ang kahulugan ng "employer" ay sinasaklaw ang principal employer, contractor, o subcontractor — lahat ng direkta o hindi direktang nakikinabang sa serbisyo ng manggagawa.

Ibig sabihin: parehong may responsibilidad ang fast food chain at ang agency kay Patricia. Hindi maaaring i-pass ng isa sa isa ang obligasyon sa kaligtasan.

Ano ang dapat gawin ni Patricia:

  1. Itala ang lahat ng insidente — petsa, oras, kung sino ang nandiyan.
  2. Mag-file ng reklamo laban sa parehong ang manpower agency at ang fast food chain sa DOLE.
  3. Humingi ng Joint Assessment — ang DOLE ay maaaring mag-imbestiga ng parehong principal at contractor nang sabay.

What Most Filipinos Get Wrong

"Maliit na kumpanya lang kami, hindi kami covered."

Mali ito. Ang RA 11058 ay sumasaklaw sa lahat ng establisyimento sa pribadong sektor, kahit maliit. Ang DOLE ang magtatakda kung anong specific na requirements ang applicable batay sa laki, likas ng operasyon, at antas ng panganib — pero ang batas mismo ay hindi nag-eeksempta sa maliliit na negosyo. Ang mga Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) ay may naaangkop na requirements din.

"Kung pumirma ako ng waiver, wala na akong claim."

Hindi totoo. Ang karapatan mo sa ligtas na lugar ng trabaho ay isang statutory right — hindi ito maaaring alisin ng isang pirma. Kahit pumirma ka ng waiver o quitclaim, ang employer mo ay mananatiling may obligasyon sa ilalim ng batas.

"Ako lang ang may kasalanan kasi hindi ako nag-ingat."

Ang OSH law ay naglalagak ng pangunahing responsibilidad sa employer, hindi sa manggagawa. Ang trabaho mo ay sumunod sa mga ligtas na paraan ng trabaho na itinuro sa iyo — pero ang obligasyon na turuan ka at bigyan ka ng ligtas na kapaligiran ay nasa employer.

"Kung tumanggi akong magtrabaho, maaari akong i-fire."

Hindi. Ang right to refuse unsafe work ay protektado ng Section 5 ng RA 11058. Ang pagpapaalis sa isang manggagawa dahil tumanggi siyang magtrabaho sa mapanganib na kondisyon ay labag sa batas — at maaaring magresulta sa kaso ng illegal dismissal bukod pa sa OSH violation.

"Ang safety committee ay formalidad lang."

Sa ilalim ng batas, ang Safety and Health Committee ay may tunay na kapangyarihan — maaaring mag-inspect, mag-imbestiga ng aksidente, at mag-recommend ng aksyon. Kung wala itong kapangyarihan sa iyong workplace, iyon mismo ay isang paglabag.

What to Do if Your Rights Are Violated

Kung pakiramdam mo ay nilalabag ang iyong OSH rights, narito ang mga hakbang:

  1. Itala ang lahat. Kumuha ng litrato ng mapanganib na kondisyon. Itala ang mga petsa, oras, at kung sino ang naroroon. I-save ang mga text o email na may kaugnayan.

  2. Makipag-usap sa employer o HR nang nakasulat. Magpadala ng email o sulat na nagdedetalye ng iyong concern. Huwag basta basta mag-quit — ang dokumentasyon na ito ay mahalaga kung mag-file ka ng reklamo.

  3. Kontakin ang iyong Safety Officer o Safety and Health Committee. Sila ay may obligasyong tugunan ang mga concern sa kaligtasan. Kung walang safety officer sa iyong lugar ng trabaho — iyon mismo ay isang paglabag na maaaring i-report.

  4. Mag-file ng reklamo sa DOLE. Pumunta sa pinakamalapit na DOLE Regional Office o gamitin ang DOLE Hotline 1349. Libre ang proseso, at maaaring humiling ka ng confidential na inspeksyon kung ayaw mong malaman ng employer mo na ikaw ang nag-reklamo.

  5. Humingi ng Work Stoppage Order kung may imminent danger. Ang DOLE ay may kapangyarihang mag-utos ng tigil sa operasyon kung ang buhay ng mga manggagawa ay nasa panganib.

  6. Kumunsulta sa isang abogado o organisasyon ng manggagawa kung kailangan mo ng mas malalim na tulong — lalo na kung may kasama pa itong illegal dismissal o non-payment of benefits.

Related Laws

Mga Madalas Itanong / FAQ

Q: Applicable ba ang RA 11058 sa mga bahay kung saan may kasambahay?

A: Hindi direkta. Ang batas ay pangunahing sumasaklaw sa mga establisyimento at lugar ng trabaho sa pribadong sektor. Ang mga kasambahay (domestic workers) ay protektado ng ibang batas — ang Batas Kasambahay (RA 10361) — na may sariling probisyon tungkol sa ligtas na kapaligiran ng trabaho. Kung may paglabag, ang DOLE ay may jurisdiction pa rin.

Q: Maaari bang mag-file ng reklamo ang isang manggagawa nang hindi malalaman ng employer?

A: Oo. Maaari kang humingi sa DOLE ng confidential na inspeksyon nang hindi isinisiwalat ang iyong pangalan sa employer. Hindi ito palaging posible sa lahat ng sitwasyon, pero ang DOLE ay may obligasyong protektahan ang manggagawa mula sa retalyasyon.

Q: Sino ang nagbabayad ng PPE — ang employer o ang manggagawa?

A: Ang employer ang may obligasyong magbigay ng PPE nang libre, ayon sa Section 4(a)(5). Hindi maaaring ibawas ito sa sahod ng manggagawa. Kung ginagawa ito ng iyong employer, isa ito sa paglabag na maaaring ireklamo sa DOLE.

Q: Gaano katagal bago kumilos ang DOLE pagkatapos mag-file ng reklamo?

A: Para sa mga sitwasyong may imminent danger, ang DOLE ay maaaring mag-utos ng

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Legal disclaimer: BatasKo provides general legal information, not legal advice. For your specific situation, consult a licensed Filipino lawyer or the Public Attorney's Office (PAO).

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