Article 33

RA 386 · Civil Code of the PhilippinesKey provision

ELI5— what this means for you

In cases of defamation, fraud, and physical injuries, civil actions may be filed independently of the criminal case — even if the criminal case has not yet been decided.

Official text — RA 386

In cases of defamation, fraud, and physical injuries a civil action for damages, entirely separate and distinct from the criminal action, may be brought by the injured party. Such civil action shall proceed independently of the criminal prosecution, and shall require only a preponderance of evidence.

Source: lawphil.net (RA 386 as amended)

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