Article 2199

RA 386 · Civil Code of the PhilippinesKey provision

ELI5— what this means for you

Actual (compensatory) damages: the amount of loss actually suffered — provable and certain. This includes lost income, medical expenses, property damage, and other quantifiable losses.

Key point

Actual damages require proof — you must present receipts, payslips, and other documents to support your claim.

Official text — RA 386

Except as provided by law or by stipulation, one is entitled to an adequate compensation only for such pecuniary loss suffered by him as he has duly proved. Such compensation is referred to as actual or compensatory damages.

Source: lawphil.net (RA 386 as amended)

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